Conservation and Land Use Monitoring

Land Use Monitoring
            Soil erosion and sediment runoff are significant environmental impacts. The main concern of the Sonoma County Water Agency (SCWA) has been with the impacts of silt on its flood control facilities.  The current agency management recognizes that the SCWA has not historically been involved in sediment control except where it effects its own land, however, it expects to be actively involved in the future but no statement has been made as to which areas or with what perceived results.
            Turbidity, or soil suspension, are influenced by high water periods when turbid flows are released from Lake Mendocino.  In between storms, water is released gradually which prolongs the turbid conditions downstream.  With dams as a major influence on a river system, as river water levels are evened out, suspended sediments are deposited along the channel bottom resulting in stream bottom permeability and destroying fishery spawning habitat.  Dissolved oxygen are seen as generally good, however, when floodwaters are carried into gravel pits, suspended sediments are deposited, decreasing groundwater transmissivity through the aquifer. 

Conservation
            SCWA contractors retail water to many purchasers, of which over 80% are residential services (1986).  Most of the connections are metered, except for single family homes in Rohnert Park.  Usually water contractors charge uniform rates per unit consumed, except Rohnert Park which charges a flat rate for unfettered connections.
            In 1981 the Water Advisory Committee of the SCWA decided to create a long-term, comprehensive conservation program designed to insure both the wise use of the region's water resources and to optimize use of the region's sewage treatment facilities.  A water conservation coordinator was hired in 1982.
            A 1982 survey indicated per capita use of between 116 and 150 gallons per day and outside irrigation in residences was found to be 53% of the total household use, however, the 1984 SCWA Urban Water Management Plan stated that for residential users, inside use comprised 71% and outside use was 29%.
            In 1984, the SCWA urban water demand was shown to be as follows: Single Family Residential 52%, Commercial/ Industrial 26%, Multi-Family Residential 13% and Public/Other 9%.  In a Department of Water Resources study, "Water Action Plan for the Russian River Service Area" of May, 1980, the DWR found that approximately 4,500 af of water per year is being reused in Sonoma County.  Reuse was estimated to amount to 2,000 af per year by the year 2000.
            As of 1985, the Urban Water Management Planning Act requires that urban water suppliers with more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 afa must prepare and adopt an urban water management plan.  SCWA is not required to prepare an urban water management plan since it is not a retailer of water, however in 1986, the State Water Resources Control Board stated SCWA should be required to submit a consolidated water conservation plan for its entire service area to the Board.  Additionally, they found that a term requiring such a plan and implementation of all cost effective measures identified should be added to all SCWA permits for the Russian River Project.   The Board pointed out that any saving of water through water conservation in SCWA's service area will mainly be reflected in the amount of storage remaining in Lake Sonoma because lower Russian River needs will be furnished from Lake Sonoma.  The reach of the Russian River between the Forks and Dry Creek will be impacted by diverters over which SCWA has no control.
            New pressures for conservation may be on the horizon if legislation is passed requiring availability of water sources be tied to growth planning at the General Plan level.  California's history of development first and find water later is beginning to backfire.  Furthermore, with water use pressure building, the State must acknowledge its duty to accept public trust responsibility and must control water allocation and make management decisions.